banner
Home > Open Journal Systems

From 5G to 6G: Requirements, challenges, and technical specification

Hafida Amgoune, Tomader Mazri

Abstract


5G is being rolled out in different parts of the world. The latter has a high-level infrastructure enabling various technologies, including eHealth remote monitoring, robotics, automation, Smart City, Smart Home, Smart Campus, etc. However, as these new technologies evolve rapidly, networks become increasingly complex and challenging to maintain. To this end, several research groups worldwide have already begun researching the sixth generation. This article presents the features and requirements of 6G, the current technical challenges facing 5G, the 6G network architecture, and the spectrum for the future 6G.


Keywords


5G; 6G; 6G Services; 6G architecture; 6G spectrum; 6G security

Full Text:

PDF

References


1. Yang P, Kong L, Chen G. Spectrum Sharing for 5G/6G URLLC: Research Frontiers and Standards. IEEE Communications Standards Magazine. 2021, 5(2): 120-125. doi: 10.1109/mcomstd.001.2000054

2. Matinmikko-Blue M, Yrjola S, Ahokangas P. Spectrum Management in the 6G Era: The Role of Regulation and Spectrum Sharing. 2020 2nd 6G Wireless Summit (6G SUMMIT). Published online March 2020. doi: 10.1109/6gsummit49458.2020.9083851

3. Yaklaf SKAA, Tarmissi KS, Shashoa NAA. 6G Mobile Communications Systems: Requirements, Specifications, Challenges, Applications, and Technologies. In: 2021 IEEE 1st International Maghreb Meeting of the Conference on Sciences and Techniques of Automatic Control and Computer Engineering MI-STA; 25-27 May 2021; Tripoli, Libya. pp. 679-683.

4. Brusic I, Hassler V, Lugmayr W. Deployment of mobile agents in the mobile telephone network management. In: Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences; 7 January 2000; Maui, HI, USA.

5. Yang H. Application and Development of Mobile Communication Technology. In: Proceedings of the 2021 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing (IWCMC); 28 June-2 July 2021; Harbin City, China. pp. 893-896.

6. Manale B, Tomader M. A survey of different storage methods for NGN mobile networks. In: Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference of Computer Science and Renewable Energies (ICCSRE); 22-24 July 2019; Agadir, Morocco. pp. 1-8.

7. del Peral-Rosado JA, Raulefs R, López-Salcedo JA, et al. Survey of cellular mobile radio localization methods: From 1G to 5G. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials. 2018, 20(2): 1124-1148. doi: 10.1109/COMST.2017.2785181

8. Zhang Y, Lehner TF, Fukushima T, et al. Progress in Production and Performance of Second Generation (2G) HTS Wire for Practical Applications. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity. 2014, 24(5). doi: 10.1109/TASC.2014.2340458

9. Gu G, Peng G. The survey of GSM wireless communication system. In: Proceedings of the 2010 International Conference on Computer and Information Application; 3-5 December 2010; Tianjin, China. pp. 121-124.

10. Hamarsheh MMN, Abdullah MK, Mahdi MA, et al. Performance enhancement of a dynamic optical code division multiple access communication system by signal clipping. In: Proceedings of the 2005 13th IEEE International Conference on Networks Jointly held with the 2005 IEEE 7th Malaysia International Conf on Communic; 16-18 November 2005; Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

11. Lundan M, Curcio IDD. 3GPP streaming over GPRS Rel ’97. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (IEEE Cat. No.03EX712); 22 October 2003; Dallas, TX, USA. pp. 101-106.

12. Ivanov K, Ball CF, Treml F. GPRS/EDGE performance on reserved and shared packet data channels. In: Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE 58th Vehicular Technology Conference. VTC 2003-Fall (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37484); 6-9 October 2003; Orlando, FL, USA. pp. 912-916.

13. Zaame I, Mazri T, Elrhayour A. 5G: Architecture overview and deployments scenarios. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. 2020, 44: 435-440. doi: 10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-4-w3-2020-435-2020

14. Samukic A. UMTS universal mobile telecommunications system: development of standards for the third generation. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology. 1998, 47(4): 1099-1104. doi: 10.1109/25.728480

15. Khan AH, Qadeer MA, Ansari JA, et al. 4G as a Next Generation Wireless Network. In: Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Future Computer and Communication; 3-5 April 2009; Kuala Lumpar, Malaysia. pp. 334-338.

16. Wong S. The Fifth Generation (5G) Trust Model. In: Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC); 15-18 April 2019; Marrakesh, Morocco. pp. 1-5.

17. Dai NHP, Ruiz L, Zoltan R. 5G revolution: Challenges and opportunities. In: Proceedings of the 2021 IEEE 21st International Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Informatics (CINTI); 18-20 November 2021; Budapest, Hungary. p. 00211‑00216.

18. Amgoune H, Mazri T. 5G: Interconnection of Services and Security Approaches. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Smart City Applications; 10-11 October 2018; New York, USA. pp. 1-7.

19. 6G, mmWave Networking Group. Available online: http://mmwave.dei.unipd.it/research/6g/ (accessed on 2 June 2022).

20. United Nations. Peace, dignity and equality on a healthy planet. Avaialble online: https://www.un.org/en/ (accessed on 2 June 2022).

21. 5G HUB. Avaialble online: https://5ghub.us/ (accessed on 7 July 2022).

22. Liu Q, Sarfraz S, Wang S. An Overview of Key Technologies and Challenges of 6G. In: Chen X, Yan H, Yan Q, Zhang X (editors). Machine Learning for Cyber Security. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2020. pp. 315‑326.

23. Vaigandla KK. Communication Technologies and Challenges on 6G Networks for the Internet: Internet of Things (IoT) Based Analysis. In: Proceedings of the 2022 2nd International Conference on Innovative Practices in Technology and Management (ICIPTM); 23-25 February 2022; Gautam Buddha Nagar, India. pp. 27-31.

24. Editorial Team. From 5G to 6G networks, 5G HUB. Avaialble online: https://5ghub.us/from-5g-to-6g-networks/ (accessed on 2 June 2022).

25. 3GPP. Available online: https://www.3gpp.org/ (accessed on 2 June 2022).

26. Nakamura T. 5G Evolution and 6G. In: Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE Symposium on VLSI Technology; 16-19 June 2020; Honolulu, HI, USA. pp. 1-5.

27. Zorzi M. Presentation of the Research Activities of Prof. Michele Zorzi’s Group. Available online: http://mmwave.dei.unipd.it/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/presentation-zorzi-19-11-2020.pdf (accessed on 10 June 2023).

28. Slalmi A. Chaibi H, Chehri A, et al. Toward 6G: Understanding network requirements and key performance indicators. Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies. 2021, 32(3): e4201. doi: 10.1002/ett.4201

29. 6G-Wireless Flagship?. Navixy Talks. Available online: https://talks.navixy.com/reviews/6g-wireless-flagship/ (accessed on 2 June 2022).

30. Home, 5G Americas. Available online: https://www.5gamericas.org/ (accessed on 15 June 2022).

31. El Rhazal O, Mazri T. Already 6G? Why? In: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Networking, Information Systems amp Security. 1-2 April 2021; KENITRA AA Morocco. pp. 1-5.

32. Bariah L, Mohjazi L, Muhaidat S, et al. A Prospective Look: Key Enabling Technologies, Applications and Open Research Topics in 6G Networks. IEEE Access. 2020, 8: 174792‑174820. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3019590

33. Insight T. WIMI Hologram Digital Twin and Holographic Communication Being Core Scenario Applications, 6G Vision White Paper Was Officially Released. Available online: https://www.globenewswire.com/en/news-release/2021/06/24/2252876/0/en/WIMI-Hologram-Digital-Twin-and-Holographic-Communication-Being-Core-Scenario-Applications-6G-Vision-White-Paper-Was-Officially-Released.html (accessed on 15 June 2022).

34. Samsung Global Newsroom. All the latest news, key facts and inspiring stories about Samsung Electronics. Available online: https://news.samsung.com/global (accessed on 16 June 2022).

35. Shah BM, Murtaza M, Raza M. Comparison of 4G and 5G Cellular Network Architecture and Proposing of 6G, a new era of AI. In: Proceedings of the 2020 5th International Conference on Innovative Technologies in Intelligent Systems and Industrial Applications (CITISIA); 25-27 November 2020; Sydney, Australia. pp. 1‑10.

36. Alsaedi WK, Ahmadi H, Khan Z, et al. Spectrum Options and Allocations for 6G: A Regulatory and Standardization Review. IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society. 4: 1782-1812. doi: 10.1109/OJCOMS.2023.3301630

37. Serghiou D, Khalily M, Brown TWC, et al. Terahertz Channel Propagation Phenomena, Measurement Techniques and Modeling for 6G Wireless Communication Applications: A Survey, Open Challenges and Future Research Directions. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials. 2022, 24(4): 1957-1996. doi: 10.1109/comst.2022.3205505

38. Hossen MB, Chowdhury MZ, Shawon ME. Spreading Loss Model for Channel Characterization of Future 6G Terahertz Communication Networks. In: Proceedings of the 2021 3rd International Conference on Electrical & Electronic Engineering (ICEEE); 22-24 December 2021; Rajshahi, Bangladesh. pp. 25-28.

39. Chao FC. The 6G Information Technology and Dynamically Shared Natural Resources -Spectrum. In: Proceedings of the 2022 2nd International Conference on Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Intelligent System (ICE3IS); 4-5 November 2022; Yogyakarta, Indonesia. pp. 186-191.

40. Suyama S, Okuyama T, Nonaka N, et al. Recent Studies on Massive MIMO Technologies for 5G Evolution and 6G. In: Proceedings of the 2022 IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS); 16-19 January 2022; Las Vegas, NV, USA. pp. 90-93.

41. Viswanathan H, Mogensen PE. Communications in the 6G Era. IEEE Access. 2020, 8: 57063-57074. doi: 10.1109/access.2020.2981745

42. Rahaman MM, Ghosal P, Giri C. WiZ-BMS: A Hybrid Wireless Network-on-Chip Design with Fully Adaptive Routing. In: Proceedings of the 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Smart Electronic Systems (iSES); 18-22 December 2022; Warangal, India. pp. 242-247.

43. Akyildiz IF, Kak A, Nie S. 6G and Beyond: The Future of Wireless Communications Systems. IEEE Access. 2020, 8: 133995-134030. doi: 10.1109/access.2020.3010896

44. FCC to open spectrum above 95 GHz for new technologies—Technology Blog. Available online: https://techblog.comsoc.org/2019/03/18/fcc-to-open-spectrum-above-95-ghz-for-new-technologies/ (accessed on 6 October 2023).

45. Sheibani M, Konur S, Awan I. DDoS Attack Detection and Mitigation in Software-Defined Networking-Based 5G Mobile Networks with Multiple Controllers. In: Proceedings of the 2022 9th International Conference on Future Internet of Things and Cloud (FiCloud); 22-24 August 2022; Rome, Italy. pp. 32-39.

46. Mohan JP, Sugunaraj N, Ranganathan P. Cyber Security Threats for 5G Networks. In: Proceedings of the 2022 IEEE International Conference on Electro Information Technology (eIT); 19-21 May 2022; Mankato, MN, USA. pp. 446-454.

47. Jin W, Ravi S, Kline E. Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Path Validation for Multi-Slicing-Authority 5G Networks. In: Proceedings of the 2022 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC); 10-13 April 2022; Austin, TX, USA. pp. 31-36.

48. Srhir A, Mazri T, Benbrahim M. Security in the IoT: State-of-the-Art, Issues, Solutions, and Challenges. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications. 2023, 14(5). doi: 10.14569/ijacsa.2023.0140507

49. Ghorbani H, Mohammadzadeh MS, Ahmadzadegan MH. DDoS Attacks on the IoT network with the Emergence of 5G. In: Proceedings of the 2020 International Conference on Technology and Entrepreneurship - Virtual (ICTE-V); 20-21 April 2020; San Jose, CA, USA. pp. 1-5.

50. Manale B, Mazri T. Intrusion detection method for GPS based on deep learning for autonomous vehicle. International Journal of Electronic Security and Digital Forensics. 2022, 14(1): 37. doi: 10.1504/ijesdf.2022.120039

51. Algarni AM, Thayananthan V. Autonomous Vehicles With a 6G-Based Intelligent Cybersecurity Model. IEEE Access. 2023, 11: 15284-15296. doi: 10.1109/access.2023.3244883




DOI: https://doi.org/10.32629/jai.v7i5.1413

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2024 Hafida Amgoune, Tomader Mazri

License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/