Identifying land use land cover dynamics using machine learning method and GIS approach in Karaivetti, Tamil Nadu

Abstract

An important analytical tool for tracking, mapping, and quantifying changes in land use and land cover (LULC) across time serves as the use of machine learning techniques. The environment and human activities both have the potential to change how land is used and covered. Classifying LULC types at different spatial scales has been effectively achieved by models like classification and regression trees (CART), support vector machines (SVM), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and random forests (RF). To prepare images from Landsat before sending and analysis for an aspect of our research, we employed the Google Earth Engine. High-resolution imagery from Google Earth images were used to assess each kind of method and field data collection. Utilizing Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques, LULC fluctuations between 2015 and 2020 were assessed. According to our results, XGBoost, SVM, and CART models proved superior by the RF model regarding categorization precision. Considering the data, we collected between 2015 and 2020, from 11.57 hectares (1.74%) in 2015 to 184.19 hectares (27.65%) in 2020, the barren land experienced the greatest variation, that made an immense effect. Utilizing the support of satellite imagery from the Karaivetti Wetland, our work combines novel GIS techniques and machine learning strategies to LULC monitoring. The created land cover maps provide a vital benchmark that will be useful to authorities in formulating policies, managing for sustainability, and keeping track of degradation.