banner

A virtual machine-based e-malpractice mitigation strategy in e-assessment and e-learning using system resources and machine learning techniques

Osamuyimen Odion Amadasun, Bukola Onasoga, Ahmed Aliyu, Kingsley Eghonghon Ukhurebor, Adeyinka Oluwabusayo Abiodun, Moses Ashawa

Abstract


Since the introduction of online learning and the widespread use of AI-proctored examination systems, protecting the integrity of assessments has faced new difficulties. The development of reliable methods for detecting electronic cheating, notably the use of virtual machines (VMs) during examinations, has become essential with the rise of advanced cheating methods. Hence, in this research, a thorough methodology for identifying virtual machine usage in an AI-proctored test system is presented. In order to uncover suspicious activities connected with the use of VMs, the study offers a unique model that makes use of system resource parameters and cutting-edge machine learning techniques. Extensive experiments using simulated datasets are used to show the efficiency of the suggested model. The findings indicate accurate electronic cheating detection that is likely to improve academic evaluation integrity.


Keywords


academic evaluation; e-learning; examination systems; machine learning techniques; virtual machines

Full Text:

PDF

References


1. Nneji CC, Urenyere R, Ukhurebor KE, et al. The impacts of COVID-19-induced online lectures on the teaching and learning process: An inquiring study of junior secondary schools in Orlu, Nigeria. Frontiers in Public Health. 2022, 10. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1054536.

2. Aalam Z, Kumar V, Gour S. A review paper on hypervisor and virtual machine security. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2021, 1950(1): 012027. doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1950/1/012027.

3. Hussaini AR, Ibrahim S, Ukhurebor KE, et al. The Influence of Information and Communication Technology in the Teaching and Learning of Physics. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research. 2023, 22(6): 98-120. doi: 10.26803/ijlter.22.6.6.

4. Ndunagu JN, Ukhurebor KE, Adesina A. Virtual Laboratories for STEM in Nigerian Higher Education: The National Open University of Nigeria Learners’ Perspective. In: Elmoazen R, López-Pernas S, Misiejuk K, et al. (editors). Proceedings of the Technology-Enhanced Learning in Laboratories Workshop (TELL 2023). 2023. pp. 38-48.

5. Sathyanarayanan R, Dhir A. Detecting student cheating in online exams using computer vision techniques. Journal of Educational Technology Systems. 2020; 49(2): 214-235.

6. Schmid RF, Dehghantanha A. A Comprehensive Study of Machine Learning Techniques for Cheating Detection in E-learning Environments. Computers in Human Behavior. 2020; 105: 106219.

7. Newton PM, Essex K. How Common is Cheating in Online Exams and did it Increase During the COVID-19 Pandemic? A Systematic Review. Journal of Academic Ethics. Published online August 4, 2023. doi: 10.1007/s10805-023-09485-5.

8. Efe A. An assessment over the intrusion detection and prevention systems for mis in the cloud computing environment. Uluslararası Yönetim Bilişim Sistemleri ve Bilgisayar Bilimleri Dergisi. 2020.

9. Lin W, Xiong C, Wu W, et al. (2022). Performance Interference of Virtual Machines: A Survey. ACM Computing Surveys. do: 10.1145/3573009.

10. Bejawada, S. An Analysis to Identify the Factors that Impact the Performance of Real-Time Software Systems A Systematic mapping study and Case Study. 2019. Available online: https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1422467/FULLTEXT02 (accessed on 10 December 2023).

11. Khomami N. How a virtual assistant could stop students cheating in exams. Available online: https://www.theguardian.com/education/2018/may/21/how-a-virtual-assistant-could-stop-students-cheating-in-exams (accessed on 10 December 2023).

12. Perkins M. Academic integrity considerations of AI Large Language Models in the post-pandemic era: ChatGPT and beyond. Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice. 2023, 20(2). doi: 10.53761/1.20.02.07.

13. Noorbehbahani F, Mohammadi A, Aminazadeh M. A systematic review of research on cheating in online exams from 2010 to 2021. Education and Information Technologies. 2022, 27(6): 8413-8460. doi: 10.1007/s10639-022-10927-7.

14. Alyoussef IY. Acceptance of e-learning in higher education: The role of task-technology fit with the information systems success model. Heliyon. 2023, 9(3): e13751. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13751.

15. Asanga MP, Essiet UU, Ukhurebor KE, et al. Social Media and Academic Performance: A Survey Research of Senior Secondary School Students in Uyo, Nigeria. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research. 2023, 22(2): 323-337. doi: 10.26803/ijlter.22.2.18.

16. Atoum Y, Chen L, Liu AX, et al. Automated Online Exam Proctoring. IEEE Transactions on Multimedia. 2017, 19(7): 1609-1624. doi: 10.1109/tmm.2017.2656064.

17. Basar ZM, Mansor AN, Jamaludin KA, et al. The Effectiveness and Challenges of Online Learning for Secondary School Students—A Case Study. Asian Journal of University Education. 2021, 17(3): 119. doi: 10.24191/ajue.v17i3.14514.

18. Beust P, Duchatelle I, Cauchard V. Exams taken at the student’s home. Available online: https://hal.science/hal-02129191 (accessed on 10 December 2023).

19. Butler-Henderson K, Crawford J. A systematic review of online examinations: A pedagogical innovation for scalable authentication and integrity. Computers & Education. 2020, 159: 104024. doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2020.104024.

20. Dendir S, Maxwell RS. Cheating in online courses: Evidence from online proctoring. Computers in Human Behavior Reports. 2020, 2: 100033. doi: 10.1016/j.chbr.2020.100033.

21. Draaijer S, Jefferies A, Somers G. Online proctoring for remote examination: A state of play in higher education in the EU. Communications in Computer and Information Science. 2018, 829: 96108. doi: 10. 1007/978-3-319-97807-9_8.

22. Friatma A, Anhar A. Analysis of validity, reliability, discrimination, difficulty and distraction effectiveness in learning assessment. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2019, 1387: 012063. doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1387/1/012063.

23. Furby L. Are You Implementing a Remote Proctor Solution This Fall? Recommendations From NLN Testing Services. Nursing Education Perspectives. 2020, 41(4): 269-270. doi: 10.1097/01.nep.0000000000000703.

24. Golden J, Kohlbeck M. Addressing cheating when using test bank questions in online Classes. Journal of Accounting Education. 2020, 52: 100671. doi: 10.1016/j.jaccedu.2020.100671.

25. Hou M, Zhu S, Wang Y, Chen Y. A Two-Step Authentication Approach for Online Proctoring. In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Educational Data Mining (EDM), Athens, Greece. 2022.

26. Kamalov F, Sulieman H, Santandreu Calonge D. Machine learning based approach to exam cheating detection. Saqr M, ed. PLOS ONE. 2021, 16(8): e0254340. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254340.

27. Li J, Zhang R, Li M, Xie Y. An Anti-Cheating Mechanism Based on Behavior Analysis for Online Examinations. IEEE Access. 2021; 9: 44222-44232.

28. Pandey AK, Kumar S, Rajendran B, et al. e-Parakh: Unsupervised Online Examination System. 2020 IEEE REGION 10 CONFERENCE (TENCON). Published online November 16, 2020. doi: 10.1109/tencon50793.2020.9293792.

29. Zia Ullah Q, Hassan S, Khan GM. Adaptive Resource Utilization Prediction System for Infrastructure as a Service Cloud. Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience. 2017, 2017: 1-12. doi: 10.1155/2017/4873459.

30. Wang J, Gu H, Yu J, et al. Research on virtual machine consolidation strategy based on combined prediction and energy-aware in cloud computing platform. J Cloud Comp 11, 50 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13677-022-00309-2.

31. Zhang C, Hu C, Xie S, Cao S. Research on the application of Decision Tree and Random Forest Algorithm in the main transformer fault evaluation. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 2021, 1732 012086, doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1732/1/012086.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.32629/jai.v7i5.1484

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2024 Osamuyimen Odion Amadasun, Bukola Onasoga, Ahmed Aliyu, Kingsley Eghonghon Ukhurebor, Adeyinka Oluwabusayo Abiodun, Moses Ashawa

License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/