banner
Home > Open Journal Systems

Hybrid energy balancer for clustering and routing techniques to enhance the lifetime and energy-efficiency of wireless sensor networks

R. K. Krishna, Amairullah Khan Lodhi, Zainulabedin Hasan Mohammed, Mohammed Abdul Matheen, Ahmed Sawy Khaled, C. Altaf

Abstract


Clustering and Routing have been recognized as one of the most proficient methods for the conservation of energy. In addition, efficient routing further enhances the energy-saving capacity of WSNs (Wireless sensor networks). In this work, a hybrid technique is proposed that usages the prominent features as multiple energy-conserving techniques have been combined to develop a configuration that delivers a highly efficient Wireless network that not only saves energy but also transmits data efficiently. The Clusters are designed and Cluster Heads (CH) are designated by maintaining a minimum distance from the basic nodes for quick data transmission from source to destination. The concept of multiple cluster heads is proposed to provide secure and efficient transmission without losing the data packets. Three cluster heads are selected from each cluster so that when the energy in one Cluster head is exhausted the second Cluster head takes over to continue data communication thus increasing the lifetime of the network. The unequal clustering concept is used to avoid the issue of hot spots as well as Energy Balancing. In this clustering, lesser clusters are positioned closer to the base station. Depending on the energy distribution, the Nodes in the cluster are divided into advanced nodes, intermediate nodes, and normal nodes. The two paths routing method is adopted for rapid transmission towards the Base station. Finally, an evaluation of the proposed technique with the existing comparable techniques has been done which shows that the proposed system gives better results in terms of energy consumption, lifetime, and the number of alive nodes.


Keywords


clustering; routing; conservation of energy; Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs); hybrid technique; multiple energy conservation techniques; cluster heads; unequal clustering; energy balancing; two paths routing method; energy consumption; lifetime; alive nod

Full Text:

PDF

References


1. Alabdali AM, Gharaei N, Mashat AA. A framework for energy-efficient clustering with utilizing wireless energy balancer. IEEE Access 2021; 9: 117823–117831. doi: 10.1109/access.2021.3107230

2. Zhu B, Bedeer E, Nguyen HH, et al. Improved soft-k-means clustering algorithm for balancing energy consumption in wireless sensor networks. IEEE Internet of Things Journal 8(6): 4868–4881. doi: 10.1109/jiot.2020.3031272

3. Lodhi AK, Rukmini MSS, Abdulsattar S, Tabassum SZ. Performance improvement in wireless sensor networks by removing the packet drop from the node buffer. Materials Today: Proceedings 2020; 26: 2226–2230. doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.483

4. Al-Otaibi S, Al-Rasheed A, Mansour RF, et al. Hybridization of metaheuristic algorithm for dynamic cluster-based routing protocol in wireless sensor networks. IEEE Access 2021; 9: 83751–83761. doi: 10.1109/access.2021.3087602

5. Behera TM, MohapatraSK, Samal UC, et al. Residual energy-based cluster-head selection in WSNs for IoT application. IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2019; 6(3): 5132–5139. doi: 10.1109/jiot.2019.2897119

6. Waheed SA, Revathi S, Matheen MA, et al. Processing of human motions using cost effective EEG sensor and machine learning approach. In: Proceedings of the 2021 1st International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Data Analytics (CAIDA); 6–7 April 2021; Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. pp. 138–143.

7. Guleria K, Verma AK. Unequal clustering—An enhancement to network longevity in WSNs. In: Proceedings of the 2018 4th International Conference on Computing Communication and Automation (ICCCA); 14–15 December 2018; Greater Noida, India. pp. 1–4.

8. Hung HL, Weng CE. Lifetime enhancement in wireless sensor networks using modified relative direction-based sensor routing algorithm. International Journal of Modern Communication Technologies & Research 2016; 4(4): 5–11.

9. Abdul Waheed S, Abdul Matheen M, Hussain SH, et al. Machine learning approach to analyze the impact of demographic and linguistic features of children on their stuttering. Journal of Autonomous Intelligence2023; 6(1): 553. doi: 10.32629/jai.v6i1.553

10. Eslaminejad M, Razak SA. Fundamental lifetime mechanisms in routing protocols for wireless sensor networks: A survey and open issues. Sensors 2012; 12(10): 13508–13544. doi: 10.3390/s121013508

11. Behera TM, Mohapatra SK, Samal UC, et al. I-SEP: An improved routing protocol for heterogeneous WSN for IoT-based environmental monitoring. IEEE Internet of Things Journal2020; 7(1): 710–717. doi: 10.1109/jiot.2019.2940988

12. Rukmini MSS, Lodhi AK. Network lifetime enhancement in WSN using energy and buffer residual status with efficient mobile sink location placement. Solid State Technology 2020; 63(4): 1329–1345.

13. Sethu Lakshmi P, Jibukumar MG, Neenu VS. Network lifetime enhancement of multi-hop wireless sensor network by RF energy harvesting. In: Proceedings of the 32nd International Conference on Information Networking (ICOIN); 10–12 January 2018; Chiang Mai, Thailand. pp. 738–743.

14. Zhou Y, Wang N, Xiang W. Clustering hierarchy protocol in wireless sensor networks using an improved PSO algorithm. IEEE Access 2017; 5: 2241–2253. doi: 10.1109/access.2016.2633826

15. Lodhi AK, Rukmini MSS, Abdulsattar S, et al. Design technique for head selection in WSNs to enhance the network performance based on nodes residual status: An extension to EBRS method. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology 2020; 29(5): 3562–3575.

16. Krishna RK, Ramanjaneyulu BS. A strategic node placement and communication method for efficient wireless sensor network. In: Satapathy S, Bhateja V, Chowdary P, et al. (editors). Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Micro-Electronics, Electromagnetics and Telecommunications. Springer; 2018. Volume 434, pp. 95–103.

17. Eslaminejad M, Razak SA. Fundamental lifetime mechanisms in routing protocols for wireless sensor networks: A survey and open issues. Sensors 2012; 12(10): 13508–13544. doi: 10.3390/s121013508

18. Lodhi AK, Rukmini MSS, Abdulsattar S. Energy-efficient routing protocol for network life enhancement in wireless sensor networks. Recent Advances in Computer Science and Communications 2021; 14(3): 864–873. doi: 10.2174/2213275912666190619115304

19. Anita R, Jebadurai IJ, Kathrine J, Leelipushpam GJ. Techniques for reducing the energy consumption in nodes of wireless sensor networks: A survey. In: Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference on Intelligent Sustainable Systems (ICISS); 21–22 February 2019; Palladam, India. pp. 402–406.

20. Lodhi AK, Rukmini MSS, Abdulsattar S, Tabassum SZ. Lifetime enhancement based on energy and buffer residual status of intermediate node in wireless sensor networks. In: Komanapalli VLN, Sivakumaran N, Hampannavar S (editors). Advances in Automation, Signal Processing, Instrumentation, and Control. Springer; 2021.

21. Kumar A, Dadheech P, Chaudhary U. Energy conservation in WSN: A review of current techniques. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Emerging Technologies in Computer Engineering: Machine Learning and Internet of Things (ICETCE); 7–8 February 2020; Jaipur, India. pp. 1–8.

22. Lodhi AK, Sattar SA. Cluster head selection by optimized ability to restrict packet drop in wireless sensor networks. In: Nayak J, Abraham A, Krishna B, et al. (editors). Soft Computing in Data Analytics. Springer; 2019. pp. 453–461.

23. Bhakre KR, Krishna RK, Bhakare S. Distance distribution approach of minimizing energy consumption in grid wireless sensor network. International Journal of Engineering and advanced Technology 2012; 1(5): 375–380.

24. Lodhi AK, Rukmini MSS, Abdulsattar S. Energy-efficient routing protocol based on mobile sink node in wireless sensor networks. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 2019; 8(7): 2278–3075.

25. Krishna RK, Ramanjaneyulu B. Gorilla optimization based clustering and fittest node routing technique for improving lifetime of wireless sensor networks. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering 2019; 7(5S4): 180–185.

26. Lodhi AK, Rukmini MSS, Iliyas M, Anjum F. Energy-efficient routing protocol for node lifetime enhancement in wireless sensor networks. International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering 2019; 8(1.3): 24–28. doi: 10.30534/ijatcse/2019/0581.32019

27. Rukmini MSS, Lodhi AK. Network lifetime enhancement in WSN using energy and buffer residual status with efficient mobile sink location placement. Solid State Technology 2020; 63(4): 1329–1345.

28. Krishna RK, Ramanjaneyulu BS.Horse Optimization based clustering and routing technique for lifetime enhancement of wireless sensor networks. Neuroquantology Journal 2022; 20(10): 5650–5655.

29. Lodhi, AK, Rukmini MSS, Abdulsattar S. Efficient energy routing protocol based on energy & buffer residual status (EBRS) for wireless sensor networks. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 2019; 9(1S5): 33–37. doi: 10.35940/ijeat.A1008.1291S52019

30. Lodhi AK, Rukmini MSS, Abdulsattar S, Tabassum SZ. Lifetime and performance enhancement in WSN by energy-buffer residual status of nodes and the multiple mobile sink. TEST Engineering and Management 2020; 82 3835–3845.

31. Mohammad AAK, Lodhi AK, Bari A, Hussain MA. Efficient mobile sink location placement by residual status in WSN to enhance the network lifetime. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology 2021; 16(6): 4779–4790.

32. Lodhi AK, Khan M, Matheen MA, et al. Energy-aware architecture of reactive routing in WSNs based on the existing intermediate node state: An extension to EBRS method. In: Proceedings of the 2021 International Conference on Emerging Smart Computing and Informatics (ESCI); 5–7 March 2021; Pune, India. pp. 683–687.

33. Khan M, Lodhi AK, Ajij S, et al. A feasible model for a smart transportation system using a vehicular ad-hoc network. TEST Engineering & Management 2020; 83: 7341–7348.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.32629/jai.v7i2.961

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2023 R. K. Krishna, Amairullah Khan Lodhi, Zainulabedin Hasan Mohammed, Mohammed Abdul Matheen, Ahmed Sawy Khaled, C. Altaf

License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/